This work is the first textbook in the area of specialized master’s training in the specialty “Sociology” accredited in 2014, practiced in physical education and sports universities. In a single system key, the connection and continuity of several basic and variable training courses is shown, which significantly facilitates understanding and mastering a whole range of educational courses and disciplines of the general cycle, such as a general course in philosophy and a general course in sociology for undergraduates, a course in the history and philosophy of science for postgraduate students. The discreteness, relative isolation and associated forced fragmentation of the presentation of the above courses allows us to partially “remove” the author’s concept of sport as a social phenomenon, which has its own unique essence and ontological foundations, which is the basis of all sections of the textbook. The textbook is intended for undergraduates, graduate students, students studying science of the philosophical and sociological cycle. It can also arouse the professional interest of the teaching staff of specialized departments, specialists in the field of physical education and sports.