This book is the seventh in a new series dedicated to a complete, but at the same time, accessible presentation of the ideas and results of a scientific direction. “New chronology.” Based on the new chronology and surviving documents, the authors proposed a reconstruction of Russian and world history of antiquity and the Middle Ages, according to which, in particular, the view of the “Tatar-Mongol” yoke radically changes. The “Tatar-Mongols” turn out to be not wild nomads who arrived in Rus' tens of thousands of miles from modern Mongolia, but Russian people of the 12th–14th centuries. They always lived on their ancestral land and began in the 14th century the great conquest of the world, which in later chronicles was called the “Mongol” conquest. The great “Mongol” conquest covered, in particular, Western Europe. Moreover, for the internal parts of Europe, remote from the waterways, as the authors prove, this was not even a conquest, but rather colonization. Since at that time, in the ancient (according to the new chronology) XIV century AD. e., the interior regions of Europe for the most part had not yet been developed by civilization. The book requires a minimum of special knowledge from the reader and is intended for all those who are interested in the application of natural scientific methods to domestic and world history.