The monograph discusses two questions: what constitutes war in the 21st century? And how does moral theory evaluate modern wars? The author gives socio-political and ethical interpretations of conflicts. To answer the first question, he traces the history of the development of the classical image of interstate war and offers an original conceptualization of wars of a new type, focusing on the research of leading experts (Mary Kaldor, Herfried Münkler, Martin van Creveld). This allows us to highlight the most significant characteristics and signs of new wars, as well as typical practices for waging them. Answering the second question, the author examines the methods of moral justification for the use of military force and the moral component of the most noticeable forms and practices of modern warfare - terrorism, robotization and computerization of war, and the activities of private military companies. The book is addressed to a wide range of readers - philosophers, political scientists, sociologists, historians, cultural scientists.