The textbook outlines the basics of a course of lectures on biogeography in an accessible and concise form. A number of basic provisions of modern biogeography are considered, in particular, the patterns of distribution of plants and animals on Earth are highlighted, information is presented on the areas of endemic taxa of plants and animals of various floristic and faunal regions, the principles of floristic and faunal zoning are substantiated, the features of the vegetation and animal world of the main biomes of Russia and surrounding areas. The textbook is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying in geographical and environmental areas.