The book provides an accessible, clear, and at the same time rigorous and systematic presentation of the basic concepts and principles of modern logic. The main attention is paid to logical problems, which are of particular interest from the point of view of the cultural sciences. A presentation of logical theory is combined with a demonstration of logical analysis in action, as applied to substantively interesting problems. An important advantage is also that this textbook is specially designed for representatives of humanities specialties. Symbolic means, widely used by modern logic, are reduced to a minimum here. Particular attention is paid to natural language and the logical errors that are possible when using it. For students of social sciences and humanities (philosophers, lawyers, philologists, sociologists, political scientists, journalists, etc.). For specialists engaged in research in the field of logic, philosophical logic, literary criticism, linguistics, rhetoric, stylistics, cultural studies, psychology, sociology, political science, jurisprudence, as well as certain theological disciplines (homiletics, pastoral theology). The book can be recommended as an additional guide for all students of ancient and modern foreign languages.