The most interesting of those formulated in the 20th century are presented. concepts of the philosophy of history, as well as such topics as the periodization of history, its meaning and trends, the possibility of historical progress, etc. The history of mankind is considered from the point of view of contrasting individualistic and collectivistic forms of organization of society, open and closed society. The focus is on modern capitalism and two types of totalitarian society - communist and national socialist. Modern forms of collectivist society are compared with ancient and medieval, moderate collectivism. History is understood broadly, so that it includes not only political and economic history, but also the evolution of entire cultures, changing styles of thinking and ways of living, forms of love, etc.

The book is intended for teachers, students and postgraduate students in history, philosophy, political science and other humanities.