At the decisive stage of the Second World War, German troops fought in regions as far apart as the Sahara and the Caucasus, in territories populated predominantly by Muslims. The Nazis saw Islam as an important force, an ally in the fight against common enemies: the British Empire, the Soviet Union and the Jews. The book is the first comprehensive account of Berlin's attempts to mobilize the Islamic world. Drawing on archival research conducted on three continents, historian David Motadel shows how the German the authorities tried to present the Third Reich as the patron of Islam. It examines Berlin's policies and propaganda in Muslim-populated war zones and the extensive work the authorities did to recruit and indoctrinate tens of thousands of volunteers who fought in the Wehrmacht and SS. The book shows how German forces in North Africa, the Balkans and The Eastern Front interacted with the Muslim population, including Islamized Gypsies and Jews. Through balanced argumentation combined with masterful knowledge of detail, this book helps to understand how profoundly the Second World War affected Muslims around the world. Motadel's work offers new insights into religious politics during the deadliest conflict of the 20th century.