This monograph is the result of the author’s forty years of work in the study of the unique mysterious Rongorongo script, created several centuries ago by the talented ancestors of the Rapanui people, the inhabitants of Easter Island (Rapa Nui). Working directly with rongorongo texts (not only complex, but also very labor-intensive) forced the author of the monograph to abandon the paths outlined by other scientists in the USSR and abroad. The study showed that the study of individual blocks of characters, comparison of parallel rows and blocks, compilation of frequency dictionaries and attempts to decipher the Rongorongo script using a computer, as previously proposed by scientists, lead to a dead end. The author's main attention was aimed at identifying the meaning of the rongorongo signs, but not in isolation from one another, but in the “context”, in a row, character by character, taking into account the homonymous recording principle discovered by the author.