The monograph is a socio-philosophical study of the causes of the conflict in the Athenian democratic society of the 5th century BC. e. and the famous philosopher Socrates. It overcomes the one-sided perception of Socrates as an outstanding ethical philosopher, examines the socio-political component of the activities and worldview of this outstanding Athenian thinker. First of all, the ideological orientation of many of his ideas and reasoning, their correlation or incompatibility with the dominant ideology of the ruling democratic Athens demos, and with the oppositional ideology of the middle and wealthy strata of Athenian society. The book will be of interest not only to specialists in social philosophy, history of philosophy and classical studies, but also to a wide range of readers interested in the personality of the outstanding Athenian philosopher Socrates.