This book, a popular account of the history of the Jews of the Soviet Union, is a natural continuation of the author's previous works on the history of the Jews of the Russian Empire. This part tells about the life of Jews on the territory of the USSR from 1917 to 1939 with all the problems, illusions and mistakes, grief and sorrow, joys and disappointments that befell the citizens of the country of the Soviets. The author does not pretend to fully cover the topic, to describe all the events that shook the Soviet Union in the described period of time. The reader - if desired - will be able to independently fill in any particular topic that interests him; the author, for his part, promises in subsequent editions of the book to correct possible errors and add those materials that will be at his disposal by that time.