The monograph is devoted to the study of Buddhist concepts of basic consciousness (alaya-vijnana), unreality and nominality of the material world, presented in the Tibetan-speaking scholastic literature of religious and philosophical faculties (datsans) of monasteries in Central Asia. It introduces the key terms, basic structures, and integral content of these concepts within the Buddhist doctrine of salvation. The appendix provides a translation from Tibetan of Tsonghawa's essay on basic consciousness and impure mind. The book may be useful for Tibetologists, philosophers, religious scholars and anyone interested in Buddhism. The work was carried out under the Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Adaptation of peoples and cultures to changes in the natural environment, social and man-made transformations." Project 12.6.6 “Buddhism and sociocultural adaptation of the individual in transforming societies”