The third volume examines the history of the culture of the peoples of Kalmykia in the 17th – 20th centuries, starting from the appearance of the Kalmyks on the Volga until the end of the last century. From the standpoint of modern methodological approaches, the most important aspects of the spiritual and cultural heritage of ethnic groups are illuminated in historical retrospect. The book reveals the features of the unique culture of the Kalmyk nomads, which developed over several centuries in a foreign ethnic and cultural environment, and traces the history of religion in the region. A significant place is devoted to the analysis of the processes of emergence and development of professional culture, art, education and healthcare in Kalmykia in the twentieth century.