The book proposes a solution to the “Argentine riddle” and provides an answer to the question of why the richest country, which has enormous resources for successful and stable growth, could not break out of the vicious circle of economic shocks and crises for decades. The author traces the trajectory of economic development of the Argentine Republic, analyzes its ups and downs, key economic problems since the end of the 19th century. to this day. The main modernization projects are highlighted, their features and results are shown. The main attention is paid to the modern period, when the country, overcoming the consequences of the devastating crisis of 2001–2002, made serious adjustments to the development model in 2003–2008. demonstrated one of the highest rates of economic growth in the world. The research focuses on the national strategy of neo-industrial modernization, problems of overcoming sovereign debt default and ensuring financial stability, institutional characteristics of the country and their impact on macroeconomic processes, trends in the development of foreign trade relations, including relations with Russia. A special place is devoted to the impact of the global crisis of 2008–2009 on Argentina. and anti-crisis measures of the Argentine authorities. The book is addressed to international affairs specialists, representatives of the business community, practitioners of foreign economic relations, as well as all readers interested in issues of global economics and politics.