The book introduces the reader to the most important problem of substantiating ancient chronology. Do we correctly imagine today the building of ancient and medieval history? Created in the 16th–17th centuries AD. e. I. Scaliger and D. Petavius, the version of chronology and history accepted today apparently contains major errors. This was understood and discussed by many prominent scientists over a long period of time. But building a new, consistent concept of history turned out to be a very difficult task. The author and his colleagues have created new mathematical and statistical methods for detecting duplicates (repeats) contained in chronicles. New methods for dating events have been developed. The “history of history” is outlined: by whom, when and how the version of “antiquity” accepted today was created. One of the main results of the New Chronology is presented, namely a “global chronological map”, which made it possible to detect striking shifts in chronology, with the help of which the medieval history of the 10th–17th centuries was artificially “lengthened” by chronologists of the 17th century. It turns out that “antiquity” and the Middle Ages are two faces of the same real events that took place no earlier than the 11th century AD. e. Third edition, corrected and expanded.