This treatise, in essence, sums up the thousand-year history of the flow of world philosophical thought in fundamental questions about reality. The author focuses on the problem of uncertainty in the fundamental areas of philosophy. He notes that such a depressing state of world thought is due to the fact that most philosophers throughout history have proceeded from positions related to the area of meaninglessness, idle talk - metaphysics (the meaningless status of which is proven in one of the parts of the study). The author makes an attempt to save modern philosophy, in which he is helped by turning to the analysis of language. The book reflects the author's journey from the rejection of dogmatism to the discovery of the most important philosophical truths.