The man who occupied the Russian throne under the name of False Dmitry I is perhaps the most mysterious character in Russian history. This personality has been the subject of heated debate for centuries. And neither in the 19th nor in the 20th centuries did historians come to a consensus. The proposed book is written based on the works of Count Sergei Dmitrievich Sheremetev about the Time of Troubles. He was not a professional historian, but had an ardent desire to “get to the bottom of the truth” and great opportunities that allowed him to use materials not only from state, but also from monastic and private archives. He shared his observations and conclusions with professional historians, many of whom (K N. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, V. O. Klyuchevsky, N. P. Barsukov) considered his assumptions to be quite reasonable. S.D. Sheremetev was sure that Tsarevich Dmitry was not killed in Uglich; he was taken to the North, where in one of the monasteries he was being prepared for the reign... When working on the book, the authors used, in addition to the count’s works published in the 19th century, archival materials: manuscripts, notes, sketches, unpublished works of the researcher stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. Dialogues with the participation of Sergei Dmitrievich Sheremetev are written based on his letters and diary entries. The book is a work of art and history and will be of interest to those who are interested in Russian history.