Etienne Gilson (1884–1978) is one of the most prominent religious philosophers of the modern West, a leading representative of neo-Thomism. Among Gilson's extensive creative heritage, a significant place is occupied by studies on the history of European philosophy, in which a scrupulous analysis of the work of thinkers of the past is combined with service to Thomism as the greatest philosophical doctrine of Christianity and with an elucidation of the contribution of St. Thomas in the subsequent movement of European thought. Gilson seeks to introduce the intellectual and spiritual culture of the “perennial philosophy” into the mental practice of modern times, demonstrating it in the analysis of the burning issues of our time. Based on the existential reading of Thomism, Gilson emphasizes the idea of freedom of choice granted to man and his destiny as a continuer of the work of divine Creation. This volume includes the following works: “Descartes’ Doctrine of Freedom and Theology”, “Being and Essence”, “God and Philosophy”, as well as a number of articles by Gilson’s followers and students dedicated to his versatile work.