The textbook is devoted to the main issues of the theory and methodology of studying human motivation and motives. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of ideas about the essence of the motive, its structure and varieties. The author offers his own concept of motivation and motives, based on a critical examination and synthesis of views on this problem available in psychology. The manual outlines the patterns of formation of a person’s motivational sphere in ontogenesis and in various types of behavior and activity, and discusses motivational disorders in pathology. The psychodiagnostic techniques presented in the manual can be successfully used in the practical activities of specialists in the education system, sports and production-organizational spheres. For psychologists, psychophysiologists, teachers, as well as students of psychology faculties and pedagogical educational institutions.