In the first volume of the five-volume edition of transcripts of the plenums of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in 1928-1929. materials of the joint plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, held in April 1928, are published. The plenum was marked by the beginning of the struggle of the group of I.V. Stalin with the so-called “rightists” - A.I. Rykov, N.I. Bukharin, M. P. Tomsky - around the key issues of the country's development - the relationship between the state and the peasantry, the fate of the new economic policy as a whole. At the plenum, the “Shakhty case” was specifically discussed, which became a signal for new mass repressions.