The book presents the full text of the translation from the sixth English edition, re-verified with the original. Many changes have been made in accordance with modern requirements for scientific translations. Many of Darwin's terms, which have become part of international scientific terminology and the modern Russian language, have been restored. The text is provided with a commentary reflecting the main additions and changes that Darwin made, as a result of which the reader can get an idea of all six English editions in one book. The accompanying articles are devoted to the history and current state of evolutionary theory and are provided with extensive bibliographies. CONTENTS: The origin of species by means of natural selection or The preservation of favored rages in the struggle for life , 1872):Preface (5).Additions and amendments to the sixth edition (9).Historical sketch of the development of views on the origin of species preceding the publication of the first edition of this work (12).Introduction (21).Chapter I. Variations in domestication (25 ).Chapter II. Variations in Nature (51). Chapter III. The struggle for existence (65).Chapter IV. Natural selection, or survival of the fittest (78). Chapter V. Laws of variation (118). Chapter VI. Difficulties of the theory (143).Chapter VII. Various objections to the theory of natural selection (175). Chapter VIII. Instinct (209).Chapter IX. Hybridization (237). Chapter X. On the incompleteness of the geological record (265). Chapter XI. On the geological sequence of organic beings (291). Chapter XII. Geographical distribution (315).Chapter XIII. Geographical distribution (continued) (340).Chapter XIV. Mutual relationship of organisms; morphology; embryology; vestigial organs (358).Chapter XV. Brief repetition and conclusion (396). Y.M. Gall, Y.I. Starobogatov. Comment (420). A.V. Yablokov. The origin of the theory of natural selection in the Notebooks of Charles Darwin (448). Ya.M. Gall. On the history of the creation of “The Origin of Species” (457). A.L. Takhtadzhyan. Darwin and the modern theory of evolution (489). Index. (Compiled by M.B. Konashev) (523). Subject index. (Compiled by M.B. Konashev) (528).