The fifth edition of the textbook (the fourth was published in 1996) provides basic information about infectious and non-infectious diseases common in tropical countries, modern methods of their diagnosis, new means of therapy and prevention. This edition includes new chapters describing American and other arboviral encephalomyelitis, zoonotic variants of smallpox, rabies, mumps, respiratory tuberculosis, and ehrlichiosis. The sections on viral hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, leprosy, Buruli ulcer, tropical helminthiases, mycoses, etc. are presented in an updated form, taking into account advances in the field of therapy and prevention.