The book examines the problems of grouping and systematizing archaeological objects, establishes the difference between classification and typology, and introduces the idea of typological classification. In the course of the study and in the attached terminological dictionary, a definition of traditional concepts (“type”, “class”) is given, concepts that have not yet been mastered by tradition are highlighted, and new terms are proposed. Various approaches to the correlation of empirical observations with their awareness, to identifying boundaries in culture based on archaeological remains are considered in detail. Attempts have been made to formulate some general laws of grouping. The book is intended for researchers and students of archaeologists, ethnographers, sociologists, and biologists.