The neo-pagan movement is an original phenomenon of our time. He is approached by educated urban residents who have long lost ties with traditional peasant culture, which, it would seem, was the last stronghold of archaic pre-Christian beliefs. Neopagan groups created by urban intellectuals have existed in many Western countries for decades. Relatively recently, they began to appear in different regions of Russia and in other post-Soviet states, not only in Christian, but also in Muslim environments. The wide scale that this movement is gaining makes us think about what its motives and incentives are, why it attracts urban residents, and why they are not satisfied with the universal approaches that Christianity and some other world religions offer them. Are we talking about a purely religious movement or do neopagans pose broader ideological questions; Is neo-paganism limited to purely intellectual activity or does it claim to solve the pressing issues of our time - social, political or national, and if so, how does it propose to solve them and what role does religion play in this? If neo-paganism, as it seems, can be interpreted in terms of the “invention of culture,” then how does it fit into modern urban culture and social environment, what and how exactly is it invented and for what purposes? What is the relationship between neopaganism and world religions, what exactly does it deny in them and what does it borrow from them? All these and many other questions are being considered for the first time in our science by scientists who, in recent years, have closely followed the very contradictory trends in the development of modern neo-pagan movements. The book presents materials about various Russian neo-pagan movements, about the development of such movements among other peoples of Russia, as well as in Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Armenia, Abkhazia and a number of other regions.