The book talks about exploration of the surface of Mars in the past and present. The history of observations of Martian canals and the discussion about the possibility of life on Mars, which took place during the period of its study by means of ground-based astronomy, are described in detail. The results of modern research on the planet, its topographic maps and photographs of the surface obtained during the great opposition of Mars in August 2003 are presented. The book is intended for everyone interested in astronomy and cosmonautics. Will be useful for teachers and amateurs