The Institute of Russian Civilization publishes the Complete Works of the outstanding Russian scientist and publicist, one of the leading Russian thinkers of the 20th century, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Igor Rostislavovich Shafarevich. His works reveal the roots of the most tragic events in the modern history of Russia. Shafarevich is a classic of Russian national thought. His books were included in the golden fund of the Russian national heritage. For millions of Russians, the thoughts expressed in them have become a guideline in spiritual and social life. Volume I includes: “Legislation on religion in the USSR”, “We all ended up in the ashes...”, “Socialism as a phenomenon of world history”. Contents: Preface 3LEGISLATION ON RELIGION IN THE USSR. Report to the Human Rights Committee 43Introduction 45I. Creation and liquidation of a religious community 48§ 1. Creation of a religious community. Laws and instructions 48§ 2. Creation of a religious community. From reports on practice 53§ 3. Liquidation of a religious community. Laws and instructions 59§ 4. Liquidation of a religious community. From reports of practice 62II. Life of a religious community 69§ 1. Rights and obligations of the community 69§ 2. Organizational and economic issues 81§ 3. Believers 88 Baptism 90 Children 94 At the institute 98 Raising children 101 Churches. Spiritual literature 104Illness, death, burial 105III. Conclusions 116WE ALL FOUND ON THE ASHES 129SOCIALISM AS A PHENOMENON OF WORLD HISTORY 165Preface 167Part I. Chiliastic Socialism 175Introduction 175Chapter I. Ancient Socialism 182Chapter II. Socialism of heresies 198§ 1. General overview 199Appendix to § 1. Three biographies 243§ 2. Chiliastic socialism and the ideology of heretical movements 282Chapter III. Socialism of the Philosophers 301§ 1. Great Utopias 301§ 2. Socialist Novel 339§ 3. Age of Enlightenment 346§ 4. First Steps 370Summary 386Part II. State socialism 388Chapter I. South America 388§ 1. Inca Empire 388§ 2. Jesuit State in Paraguay 404Chapter II. Ancient East 418§ 1. Mesopotamia 418§ 2. Ancient Egypt 431 Appendix to § 1 and 2. Religion of Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 438§ 3. Ancient China 443 Appendix. Was there an “Asian social formation”? 473Summary 480Part III. Analysis 486§ 1. Contours of socialism 486§ 3. The embodiment of the socialist ideal 552§ 4. Socialism and individuality 587§ 5. The goal of socialism 605§ 6. Conclusion 631From the author 653Bibliographical notes 657