“We were just following orders, why are we being judged?” - asked, if not all, but many participants in the most high-profile trial in history. What was going on in the souls of those who destroyed millions of human lives, organized “death camps” and carried out the Holocaust? Were these people monsters? The reader will find the answer to this question in the book. The author of this book, widely known in the West, Doctor of Psychology G. Gilbert, took part in the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg. Being a psychologist, he repeatedly talked with the main Nazi criminals and described in detail the content of his conversations with them on the pages of the book. Based on personal impressions and materials from psychological tests, the American scientist gives a ruthless characterization of the moral character of the fascist leaders and the entire Nazi regime.