The short essays that make up this collection were written by the most famous scientists and thinkers of our day, participants in the Edge.org scientific and educational project. This time, the magnificent “team of experts” is revising the very structure of scientific activity. Why are some outdated ideas and concepts still in scientific use? As one might expect, the answers turned out to be very diverse and sometimes unexpected: according to leading professionals of modern science, not only many theories deserve immediate revision, but also the cornerstone principles of the scientific approach itself...