The first professor of Slavic languages at the University of Oslo, Olaf Broch (1867–1961), a well-known specialist in the field of dialect phonetics, traveled to Moscow and Petrograd in the early summer of 1923. Olaf Brock wanted to get acquainted with the real situation in Soviet Russia after the revolution and civil war, especially with the living conditions of the intelligentsia under the new regime. He described his impressions in the book “The Dictatorship of the Proletariat,” published in Oslo in the fall of 1923. In 1924, this book was republished in an abridged version intended for the public libraries of Norway. Translations into Swedish and French were soon published. An English translation was made but never published. The book has not been translated into any Slavic language. In this edition, “The Dictatorship of the Proletariat” is published for the first time in Russian. Also for the first time in the appendix, a translation into Russian of Olaf Brock’s “Travel Notes”, written by him during a trip to Russia at the invitation of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in 1902, is published. Translations into Russian were made at the Representative Office of the University of Oslo in St. Petersburg. In PDF A4 format The publishing layout has been preserved.