The work of the outstanding Russian historian of philosophy examines in detail the development of ancient philosophy from the period of formation (Miletus and Pythagorean schools) to the rise of high classics (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) and further to the teachings of the Hellenistic era (Stoicism, skepticism, Epicureanism). The study concludes with a review of the evolution of Neoplatonism, which had a special influence on the formation of Christian patristics.