Modern victimology, i.e. “the doctrine of sacrifice” (from Latin viktima - victim and Greek logos - doctrine) as a special sociological theory, carries out a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of victim, based on theoretical concepts and models originally developed in the field other social disciplines (criminology, political science, theory of public administration, psychology, social work, conflictology, sociology of deviant behavior). The reference book examines the subject, history and prospects of victimology, analyzes the relationship between the concepts of types of victims and types of victimization, as well as existing types and forms of violence . Particular attention is paid to the analysis of psychological theories that, from various positions, explain the formation of increased personal victimization, or the “victim phenomenon.” The book also examines various situations in which a person becomes a victim, namely criminal crimes and hostage-taking; specific types of violence such as child abuse, family violence, sexual violence (rape), school violence and mobbing (violence in the workplace). The victimology of addictive (dependent) behavior is considered. Both approaches to individual counseling in each of these cases, as well as group forms of work in the form of trainings are described. This reference book is a convenient source that practitioners, researchers and students can turn to in order to obtain comprehensive information on the techniques and tools of correctional working with both potential and actual victims of various extreme situations.