What can a respectable citizen do when obeying an order? Reflections on the tens of thousands of people in Nazi Germany who sent their own kind to their deaths simply by doing their duty gave Stanley Milgram the idea of a provocative experiment. The behavior of the subjects during different variations of the experiment invariably confirmed Milgram's dire guesses: some test participants severely “punished” others without using their right to refuse. The paradox is that the virtues we value so much in humans, such as loyalty, discipline and self-sacrifice, bind people to the most inhumane systems of power. But human nature has not changed since the Nazi death camps. That is why the relevance of the concept, which is confirmed with terrible convincingness by experiment, can be disputed, but dangerously underestimated. Milgram's famous experiment, which initially caused protest and mistrust among many, was later recognized as one of the most morally significant studies in psychology.