The book formulates one of the archetypal themes of cinema, which is a kind of access code to the world of ideas of the authors of a feature film. Having turned to the conflict of the “inner” and “external” person as a theme not only for fiction, but also for documentary and animated films, the author lifts the curtain on the dramatic concept of a number of the peak achievements of cinema of the twentieth century. The anthropological concepts of existentially oriented foreign thinkers of the 20th century are examined, however, the view of world cinema, of which domestic cinema is an integral part, is cast primarily from the heights of Russian religious thought, from the depths of the “metaphysics of the heart,” one of the most important, if not the defining, directions of Russian philosophy. The book is intended for art critics, film historians, cultural experts, philosophers, and all those who are interested in the fate of artistic culture.