The book is a continuation of the "Course of lectures on ancient philosophy" (Higher School, 1981). It gives a general picture of the evolution of ancient and early medieval philosophy and theology (parallel consideration of the ancient philosophy of the Roman Empire and the Judaic-Christian worldview makes it possible to imagine Christianity in the temporary context of culture), the objective relationship of philosophy with paraphilosophy (religious-artistic-mythological worldview), with the basis on intelligence, science, culture as a whole.