The work “Poetics” was created by the ancient Greek scientist-encyclopedist, known as the founder of classical logic, Aristotle (384-322 BC)*** The author’s literary research is one of the first works in history in which the aesthetic knowledge of the ancient world is generalized. The author produced a number of theoretical and literary categories, explaining the division of literature into three types: epic, drama and lyric. Aristotle’s scientific and creative heritage includes the following works: a collection of works on logic “Organon”, “Metaphysics”, “Physics”, “Politics”, “Ethics”, “Poetics”, “On the Soul”, “The Athenian Polity”. Aristotle is the greatest of the philosophers of the ancient world, whose authority was unshakable in the Middle Ages, when the church rejected the entire heritage of ancient Greece as pagan. His philosophical concept already contained many elements of materialism.