Mephistopheles and the Androgyne is one of the key works in the work of one of the most original thinkers of the 20th century. Mircea Eliade. Written in the late 50s, it had a significant influence on a variety of intellectual movements and schools, causing fierce debate both about the essence of the concept presented in the book and about the identity of the author himself. Deliberately deviating from the main line of development of Western philosophy as a whole, Eliade forces his reader to take a fresh look at familiar things. A particular objective of this study, according to the author, is “to illustrate the approach of a historian of religion, trying to interpret a certain number of types of religious behavior and spiritual values inherent in non-Europeans.” Published in Russian for the first time. For a wide range of readers.