Work on the play and performance “List of Benefits” by Yu. Olesha and Vs. Meyerhold occurred during the years of the “great turning point” (1929–1931). The book tells the story of Olesha's idea and numerous censorship adventures of the thing, as a result of which the meaning of the play changed significantly. The most important part of the book consists of draft versions and an early edition of “The List” (originally “Confession”) discovered in Olesha’s archive, as well as unique materials from Meyerhold’s archive, which make it possible to evaluate the innovation of his directorial technology. Transcripts of public disputes around the “List of Benefits” are also published, the intensity of which is comparable to the disputes in connection with M. A. Bulgakov’s “Turbin Days” at the Moscow Art Theater. The joint work of two remarkable artists allows the author to touch on a number of central ideological issues of the Russian intelligentsia at the turn of the era.