The problem indicated in the title of the article by the now deceased Kostroma Marxist Avenir Solovyov was hotly discussed in the 90s of the last century. The discussions are still ongoing! In search of an answer to the question posed, the author analyzes the history of the USSR from the October Revolution itself: was it bourgeois or socialist? A. Soloviev confirms his conclusions with quotes from the works of V. Lenin and the classics of Marxism. On this ideological basis, he concluded that with “perestroika” Russia’s transition to capitalism did not begin, but just ended. The USSR developed according to bourgeois laws. Therefore, the socialist revolution is not in the past, but in the future!