In this work, the now deceased Kostroma Marxist Avenir Solovyov analyzed one of Leon Trotsky’s most famous books, “The Revolution Betrayed.” This analysis led him to large-scale historical questions: what kind of system was established by the October Revolution, who was the real owner of the means of production in the USSR, which of the internal party trends in the CPSU (b) was the historical truth behind? And besides, what is the role of the irreconcilable critic of Stalinism L. Trotsky in the formation of this very Stalinism, how close is Trotskyism to Lenin’s views? To “official” Russian Marxists, the author’s answers to these questions may seem quite unexpected...