354 synonymous rows are published in the offered Dictionary, presenting the basic digits of anthropocentric vocabulary of Russian and - episodically are some other layers of vocabulary.A new explanatory dictionary of synonyms is the dictionary of impulse-type, concerted with certain grammatical description of Russian, realizing principles of system lexicography and oriented to the reflection language, or "naive", world pictures. Setting on detailed linguistic портретирование combines in him with setting on uniform description of the lexemes related to one lexicographic type. The semantic are consistently reflected in Dictionary, референциальные, pragmatic, коннотативные, communicative, syntactic, сочетаемостные, morphological and просодические likenesses and distinctions between synonyms, and also terms neutralizations of distinctions. All vocabulary entries contain vast certificate zones, phraseological synonyms, analogues exact and inexact конверсивы, are enumerated in that, конверсивы to the analogues, exact and inexact antonyms and дериваты (including semantic) to the elements of this synonymous row. The special linguistic works, sanctified to one or a few lexemes included in given, are specified on occasion row.A book is turned to the wide circle of the philologists, interested in lexicology, lexicography and theoretical semantics, to the teachers of Russian as native, unnative or foreign, and also to the writers, journalists, editors and representatives of other professions, dealing with Russian as object of study or instrument of their work.