Han Fei-tzu in his treatise criticized the dogmas of Confucianism.Confucius taught that the authority of the ruler is predetermined by his virtue. No one is bound to obey an unworthy ruler. Han Fei-tzu believed that the authorities should not strive to establish justice and virtue. The moral qualities of the ruler do not affect the obligation of the subjects to follow his orders.The primordial and unchanging principle of the universe is that the subject serves the ruler, the son serves the father, and the wife serves the husband. At the same time, submission to the sovereign is more important than family obligations.Order in society is supported by laws that the sovereign adopts. Until the law is repealed, everyone, including the sovereign himself, must follow it, regardless of whether this law is just or not.The publisher's layout has been saved in a4.pdf format.