In guidance without superfluous scientific and special details basic principles of classification of craniocerebral trauma, тактико-диагностические measures and surgery of her basic forms, are expounded. First the detailed analysis of medical errors, reasons of their origin and possible ways of perfection of organization of help to the victims from craniocerebral traumas, is presented in home literature. A book will be useful not only to the surgeons, traumatologists and other doctors of the unspecialized permanent establishments rendering the first aid at a craniocerebral trauma, but also beginning neuro-surgeons, neurologists, and also main doctors and organizers of health protection.