The theme of scientific rationality became one of key not only in modern philosophy of science but also in philosophy of culture and in social philosophy. The process of birth of science of New time is considered in a book П. П. Гайденко, those factors are traced - religious, общекультурные, social, - that assisted to forming of principles of scientific rationality. An author conducts a comparative analysis ancient and новоевропейского types to rationality, discusses the attempts of row of thinkers of XX of century to overcome the constricted ideas about rationality and find an exit from crises descendant industrially - by technical civilization.Edition is counted on the wide circle of the readers, interested in the problems of philosophy, science and culture.