A book acquaints a reader with modern ideas about a sexual selection, his role in forming of modern types of animals and man. Paul and гендер in human society are presented as the complex biosocial phenomenon. Distinctions of masculine and woman body, feature of physiology and genetics, psychical activity and strategies of sexual and paternal behavior are considered. In a book a specific is shown masculine and woman behavior in traditional societies, connection of reproductive success is shown with social status and economic welfare. Reasons of stability of row of gender stereotypes come into question in modern society. In detail it is told about the universal and in a civilized manner-specific ideals of beauty and methods of their research.A book is intended to the anthropologists, psychologists, sociologists, historians, political scientists, to the development workers, to the wide circle of the readers, interested in the questions of mutual relations between полами.