The monograph, based on a wide range of sources, substantiates the concept according to which in 1861–1905. the government of the empire - in many ways consciously - tried to implement an anti-capitalist utopia, the first in our history. The utopia that in the industrial era one can be an “original” great power, that is, influence the destinies of the world, in principle rejecting and ignoring what made competitors successful, and first of all, the general civil legal system and freedom of enterprise. Natural the consequence of this policy was a humiliating defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, which provoked the revolution of 1905, which brought the country to the brink of disaster. After this, the algorithm for Russia's development changed - the construction of a rule-of-law state began, the axis of which was the peasantry receiving actual full civil rights and the implementation of P. A. Stolypin's agrarian reform. The publishing layout of the book was saved in PDF A4 format.