The book "Discovery and conquest of the Moluccas and Philippine islands. Containing Their History, Ancient and Modern, Natural and Political: Their Description, Productions, Religion, Government, Laws, Languages, Customs, Manners, Habits, Form, and Inclinations” by Leonardo de Argensola and Bartholomew. This book is a valuable source of information about the Southeast Asian region, its natural resources, socio-cultural features, and the history of discovery and colonization by Europeans. The authors examine in detail the geographical location of the islands, the religious beliefs of the local inhabitants, the administration and legal system, the languages, customs and cultural habits of the indigenous peoples who inhabited these territories. They also describe the natural wealth of the islands and the ethnographic features of the population. This book is an inexhaustible source of knowledge about this region and the legacy of the colonial era.