The monograph examines the process of development of Christianity in Cuba in the context of political and socio-economic transformation in the 20th – early 21st centuries. The dynamics of religious life are analyzed by the author in the context of theories of secularization and the crisis of Catholicism, through the prism of changes in religious consciousness as a system-forming component of religion. The thesis of the interdependence of religious systems as specific historical forms of existence of religions and forms of sociocultural existence, correlated with the stages of development and formation of society, is put forward and substantiated .Based on the analysis, the author concludes that at the beginning of the 21st century. in Cuba there is a unique syncretic religious system, which includes elements of Christianity and traditional African beliefs.