Questions concerning the origin and evolution of man are discussed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the individual, subjective and personal characteristics of a person, the nature of psychophysical and social phenomena, the biological foundations of human behavior, the anthropological foundations of social work. Corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education of the third generation. For undergraduate students, graduate students, students of the postgraduate education system, specialists , working in the “person-person” system. May be useful to a wide range of readers.