This collection of conversations and research works by members of the scientific group of the Islamic Committee under the leadership of Heydar Jemal is dedicated to the development of the ideology of political Islam in the twentieth century. Articles by members of the Center for the Study of Conflict, Schism, Opposition and Protest are devoted, in particular, to the analysis of the views of prominent theorists of political Islam - such as Seyyid Qutb, Ayatollah Khomeini, Ali Shariati, Kalim Siddiqi. The reader is also offered research on “black Islam” and Catholic liberation theology. Participants in scientific seminars discuss the prospects for the development of Islamic political thought in the twentieth century, as well as the outlines of a new protest discourse in the new century.