Our knowledge of current processes in Transcaucasia is shallow, and the not-so-distant past of the new independent states is generally unknown. However, it is necessary to understand on what historical foundation Georgian, Armenian and Azerbaijani historians are now building an image of the past, enthusiastically fulfilling a political order. Instead of objective research, the process of creating new historical myths dominates in the former Soviet republics. The leading subject of myth-making is the process of formation of independent states after the collapse of the Russian Empire. The book presents an outline of the history of the first attempts to form Azerbaijani statehood and connect Turkic identity with Azerbaijani identity. Based on firmly established facts, the authors prove that all these attempts were futile in the force field that was formed by the interests of Turkey, England, Soviet Russia and the idealism of US President Wilson.