The Sermon on the Mount is a sermon in which Jesus Christ gave people the nine Beatitudes, which expresses the essence of the New Testament and its difference from the Old Testament. It was pronounced on a mountain near Lake Galilee following the calling of the twelve apostles. The mountain on which the Sermon on the Mount was delivered was called the “Mount of Beatitudes.” The Beatitudes are nine commandments given by Jesus Christ in the Sermon on the Mount, and which are the basis of Christian doctrine: 1) Blessed are the poor in spirit (humble), for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven; 2) Blessed are those who mourn (for their sins), for they will be comforted; 3) Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth; 4) Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be satisfied; 5) Blessed are the merciful, for they will receive mercy; 6) Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God; 7) Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God; 8) Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness’ sake, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven; 9) Blessed are you when they revile you and persecute you and slander you in every way unjustly because of Me. Rejoice and be glad, for great is your reward in heaven: so they persecuted the prophets who were before you (Gospel of Matthew 5:3-12). The content of the sermon is set out in the Gospel (Matthew 5:1 - 7:29 and Luke 6: 17-49). According to Christian doctrine, unlike the Ten Commandments of the Old Testament, which had a restrictive, prohibitive nature, the 9 Beatitudes indicate that spiritual disposition that brings a person closer to God and leads him to spiritual perfection and the Kingdom of Heaven. Here Jesus does not abolish the Law of Moses, but explains, interprets it. So, for example, the commandment “thou shalt not kill” was interpreted in its literal, narrow sense; in the New Testament it receives a broader and deeper meaning and extends its effect even to vain anger, which can become a source of enmity, with its disastrous consequences, and to all sorts of contemptuous and humiliating expressions for a person. In the New Testament, the law no longer punishes only the hand that commits murder, but also the very heart that harbors enmity: even a gift brought to God is rejected while the heart of the bringer harbors some evil feeling. The sinfulness of adultery - violation of marital fidelity (Lev. 20:10) is seen even in looking at a married woman “with lust.”